President Franklin Roosevelt famously said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” But let’s be real — he never retired.
Having passed away while still in office, he never had to worry about making his savings last for 30-plus years or what would happen if medical bills drained his bank account.
Retirement is supposed to be a time of “freedom” and “enjoyment,” and according to the 2024 Transamerica Retirement Survey, most retirees associate retirement with positive words. But 37% also cite negative ones — “health decline,” “insecurity” — and nearly a quarter say they feel anxious or depressed.
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Simply put: Retirement isn’t a carefree experience for everyone. Fears about money and health loom large, compounded by the uncertainty of what the future holds.
But your retirement doesn’t have to be shadowed by anxiety. Here are the biggest financial fears retirees face — and the steps you can take to retire with confidence and fearlessly enjoy the life you’ve planned.
1. Outliving your money (longevity risk)
Imagine having to choose between death and running out of money. Surprisingly, most Americans would choose mortality. A 2024 Allianz Life survey found that two-thirds of people fear running out of money more than death itself.
That makes this the number one retirement worry: Will my savings last my entire life? And it’s not just an irrational fear. With inflation, rising health care costs and unpredictable markets, retirees could be looking at decades of needing their money to last.
The U.S. Department of Labor says the average American spends about 20 years in retirement, yet only about half of Americans have even calculated how much they need to retire.
And that’s where the stress comes in.
“If you’re feeling some stress around these issues, that’s normal,” says Bob Carroll, CPA, CFP®, CDFA®, managing director and wealth advisor at Carnegie Investment Counsel. “Fortunately, our worst fears rarely manifest themselves.”
Carroll specializes in safeguarding clients from outliving their retirement funds. “The best way to bring stress down and raise your odds of success is through thoughtful planning,” he advises. “A properly constructed plan evolves and considers various time horizons.”
Traditional retirement strategies, like the 4% spending rule, suggest a fixed annual withdrawal rate from your retirement savings. However, this approach doesn’t account for market fluctuations or personal circumstances. What works in a bull market might fall apart when stocks take a dive.
That’s why retirement income planning is both an art and a science. It blends quantitative analysis with personalized judgment. Your spending needs, investment returns and even your tax situation all play a role in shaping how you withdraw your savings.
Perhaps the best way to resolve this fear is to consult a fiduciary, fee-only adviser with expertise in retirement income planning — ideally before you retire.
A fresh perspective and a dynamic withdrawal strategy can make all the difference. Think of it as a road map with guardrails: a plan that adapts to market conditions, allowing you to spend more in strong years and tighten up when times get tough, ensuring your savings last longer.
2. The elephant in the room: Long-term care
Medical expenses are one of the biggest unknowns in retirement. A 65-year-old retiring today can expect to spend an average of $165,000 in health care and medical expenses throughout retirement, according to Fidelity Investments. But that doesn’t include long-term care.
Medicare helps but does not cover assisted living costs or long-term stays in rehabilitation facilities. It covers only up to 100 days in a skilled nursing facility per benefit period, and that’s only if you meet specific requirements. After that, you’re on your own.
That’s a big problem because the national median cost for a private room in a nursing home is now $10,646 per month, according to CareScout.
And here’s the reality check: About 70% of individuals aged 65 and older will require some form of long-term care in their lifetime. Yet, most people don’t plan for it.
“Making matters worse,” says Carroll, “it’s becoming increasingly difficult to cover the risk with conventional long-term care insurance policies due to the high cost and unpredictable nature of the care needed.”
The traditional policies many people have relied on are disappearing or becoming prohibitively expensive. “A multipronged approach is often needed,” he adds. “This requires looking at the full gamut of financial assets at your disposal.”
The best approach? Start planning now — especially if you’re in your 50s or early 60s. Waiting until your late 60s or 70s means you’ll pay even higher insurance premiums or, worse, won’t qualify at all due to health conditions.
What are your options?
Consider long-term care insurance — but be really smart about it. The devil is in the details when it comes to insurance policies, and premiums could be prohibitively high. Many people opt for hybrid policies, which combine life insurance with long-term coverage. If you never need care, your beneficiaries still get a payout.
If you have a high-deductible health plan, maxing out a health savings account (HSA) is a great move. It’s triple tax-free, meaning you can use it for medical expenses in retirement without paying taxes on the withdrawals.
If insurance isn’t an option, you’ll need to self-insure using a mix of investments, savings and tax-advantaged accounts like Roth IRAs or a portion of your 401(k).
3. Stock market drops when you’re ready to start withdrawals
Markets go up and down — it’s inevitable. But when you’re retired and relying on your investments for income, downturns can feel like a direct hit to your wallet.
Worries that trade conflicts will lead to higher prices haven’t helped. According to Vanguard, retirees aged 70 and older typically hold about 42% of their portfolios in stocks. That’s enough exposure to fuel growth but also enough to feel the pain when markets take a dive.
As a result, people have shifted some of their retirement savings away from tech stocks to more defensive industries like consumer goods, health care and energy.
So, why not just put your retirement savings in a bank CD and avoid the risk? Relying solely on certificates of deposit (CDs) for retirement savings may not provide sufficient growth to counteract taxes and inflation.
For example, a $500,000 investment in a CD yielding 4% annually would generate $20,000 in interest. After accounting for a 22% tax rate and 3% inflation, the real growth of your investment is minimal.
Over 20 years, as costs rise due to inflation — which can double prices every 24 years at a 3% rate — your purchasing power diminishes, potentially draining your savings after 18 years, while you’re in your 80s.
“There is just as much risk in being too conservative as there is in being too aggressive,” Carroll warns. “Both approaches can lead to bad outcomes.”
You can’t control inflation or market cycles, but you can control how much of your income is lost to taxes. Using tax-advantaged accounts like Roth IRAs or investing in tax-efficient assets like municipal bonds can help you preserve more of your wealth for the long haul.
“A smarter strategy is to make sure your portfolio is integrated with your financial plan so that it can deliver the necessary resources to meet your needs when needed,” Carroll explains. “If this approach is done consistently, you can reduce the downside risk associated with market volatility that inevitably rears its head periodically — like now!”
Better strategies for sustainable retirement income
A well-balanced portfolio — dividend stocks, tax-efficient bonds and CDs — can provide retirees with both stability and long-term growth. But managing withdrawals is just as important as building savings.
Some retirees, even those with substantial assets, withdraw less than 3% annually — far below the commonly recommended 4% rule. While caution is wise, excessive frugality can mean missing out on the lifestyle you worked hard for.
“Believe it or not, accessing your savings requires as much planning (if not more) as the accumulation phase,” Carroll says. “Age, timing, cash flow needs, taxes and risk tolerance all play a role.”
If resources fall short, retirees can consider downsizing or leveraging home equity for additional income. And in some cases, part-time work can provide both financial security and personal fulfillment.
Last but not least: Create an estate plan and appoint a health care proxy
A good night’s sleep is one of the most valuable things in life, and nothing helps you rest easier than knowing your financial house is in order. Life is full of unexpected events — some good, some bad — but a well-structured financial plan can keep you grounded and confident in the future.
That’s why it’s essential to establish an estate plan, including a power of attorney and an advance health care directive so that trusted individuals can make financial and medical decisions on your behalf if needed.
“One or all of these fears might be haunting you,” Carroll reminds us. “But not everything needs to be done all at once.” The key is to take that first step and build from there.
